Aéro-Club de La Tranche

Bienvenue sur la côte de lumière

Histoire de l'ULM

Rédigé par Hervé B 1 commentaire
Classé dans : Ultra-Légers, Histoire Mots clés : autrefois, Aile delta, libre, passionné,

Il était une fois... La naissance d'une nouvelle aviation

Autrefois, il y a bien longtemps, au début des années 70 est apparu en France le ''vol libre''.
Sous la forme exclusive du « deltaplane », nommé plus couramment « delta » ou « aile delta » de nos jours, il se pratiquait quasi-exclusivement sur les reliefs : collines, montagnes, dunes...
Une réglementation aussi légère que possible a permis aux passionnés de pratiquer cette activité aéronautique sans beaucoup de contraintes.
Sur ces engins volants, il n'y a pas de moteur, et l'on se maintient en l’air grâce à l’exploitation judicieuse des courants d’air ascendants.
C’est très exaltant mais ça peut devenir assez vite lassant... Aussi a-t-on rapidement ajouté de petits moteurs sur nos engins.

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Ultralight aviation

Rédigé par BLU Aucun commentaire
Classé dans : Ultra-Légers, Reglementation Mots clés : registre, identification

Definitions

Definitions of ultralight aircraft
Country Type Capacity MTOW Time Licence Other conditions
Australia Recreational Aircraft[3] 2 600 kg; 614 kg for seaplane — — —
Light Sport Aircraft[4] 2 600 kg; 650 kg for seaplane — — —
Brazil Ultralight 2 750 kg Daylight visual conditions — used mainly, or intended for, sports or recreation[5]
Canada basic ultra-light aeroplane 2 1,200 lb (544 kg) Daylight visual conditions Ultralight Pilot Permit may be operated from land or water
advanced ultra-light aeroplane 2 1,232 lb (559 kg) Daylight visual conditions Ultralight Pilot Permit may only carry a passenger if the pilot has an Ultralight Aeroplane Passenger Carrying Rating; may operate at a controlled airport without prior arrangement[6]
Europe[7] land plane/helicopter, single-seater 1 300 kg Daylight VFR Ultralight Pilot Permit Sport or recreation only
land plane/helicopter, two-seater 2 450 kg Daylight VFR Ultralight Pilot Permit Sport or recreation only
amphibian or floatplane/helicopter single-seater 2 495 kg Daylight VFR Ultralight Pilot Permit where operating both as a floatplane/helicopter and as a land plane/ helicopter, it falls below both MTOW limits, as appropriate
land plane, two-seater equipped with an airframe mounted total recovery parachute system 2 472.5 kg Daylight VFR Ultralight Pilot Permit Sport or recreation only
land plane single-seater equipped with an airframe mounted total recovery parachute system 1 315 kg Daylight VFR Ultralight Pilot Permit Sport or recreation only
gyroplane 1–2 560 kg Daylight VFR Ultralight Pilot Permit Sport or recreation only
India — 2 450 kg without parachute — current permit to fly[8] —
Italy ultraleggero 1—2 Max Take Off Weight MTOW

2 persons, 472.5 kg (450 kg without parachute)

Kg 500 Hydroplanes

Single Kg. 300;

Hydroplane single Kg. 330

Stall speed 65 km/h.

 Daylight, minimum of 500 ft (152 m). certificate exam, insurance and a medical examination.[9] requires a helmet only for open cockpit aircraft. Flying over populated areas and assemblies of people are prohibited.[10]
Japan Ultra light power machine[11][12]

(undefined in Civil Aeronautics Act)

 1–2[11][12] Max empty weight:

180 kg(1 seat)

225 kg (2 seats), with extra weight allowed for emergency parachute up to 11 kg and for floats up to 28 kg[11][12]

 Daylight visual conditions[13] Minister's permission carried on board for each year[13] instead of licence[14][15]

Passengers also need permission.[13]

 Sports or recreational use only[12]

Other minister's permissions:

  • flight permission (for each 2 – 4 months)[12][14][15]
  • Permission of land owner for landing and for take off[14][15]

Flyable area: uncontrolled airspace over unpopulated areas, within 3 km from departure point and landing at another point forbidden.[13]

Aircraft:

  • powered, non-certified, propeller aircraft, including autogyro, with landing gear
  • Minimum required equipment: airspeed indicator and altimeter
  • Maximum stall speed: 65 km/h
  • Minimum wing area: 10 m2
  • Maximum speed: 185 km/h
  • Maximum fuel capacity: 30L (8 US gal)[12][14]
New Zealand NZ Class 1 1 510 kg, 550 kg for seaplanes — — —
NZ Class 2 2 600 kg, 650 kg for seaplanes — — —
Philippines non-type certified aircraft[16][17] — — Daytime VFR — recreational and sport use
United Kingdom Sub-70 kg Unregulated, Single Seat De-Regulated, Two seat Regulated. 1–2[18] Several definitions, from 70 kg with full fuel to 650 kg maximum weight at take-off Daytime VFR Licence not required for Sub-70 kg, else NPPL licence required[19][20] Recreational. No paid work.
United States ultralight aircraft 1 Empty weight of less than 254 pounds (115 kg)[21][22] Daylight hours no license required less than 5 US gallons (19 L) fuel capacity, empty weight of less than 254 pounds (115 kg), a top speed of 55 knots (102 km/h or 64 mph), and a maximum stall speed not exceeding 24 knots (45 km/h or 27.6 mph). May only be flown over unpopulated areas.
light-sport aircraft 2 1320 pounds (600 kg); 1430 pounds (650 kg) for seaplanes. Daytime VFR sport pilot certificate Max. Speed (CAS) in Level Flight 138 mph / 120 knots.

Max. Stall Speed 51 mph / 45 knots.

Must have fixed landing gear, and a single engine with fixed pitch propeller.

Théorie hélico (classe 6)

Rédigé par BLU Aucun commentaire

Théorie hélico - mécanique du rotor

L'hélicoptère reste une étrange machine conservant pour le commun des mortels, parfois même pour les habitués, un côté magique et mystérieux. Afin de démystifier la complexité inhérente aux voilures tournantes et au vol vertical, nous allons analyser les phénomènes physiques qui régissent le fonctionnement du rotor et identifier les forces en présence.

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